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| Foto Franz Wansch |
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Род: | Шимпанзе ВИДЫ
Шимпанзе обыкновенный Pan troglodytes Шимпанзе карликовый Pan paniscus Шимпанзе́ (лат. Pan) — род из семейства гоминид отряда приматов. К нему относятся два вида: шимпанзе обыкновенный (Pan troglodytes) и шимпанзе карликовый (Pan paniscus), также известный под названием бонобо. Оба вида находятся под угрозой вымирания. Распространены в западной и центральной Африке. В русском языке — из нем. Schimpanse или фр. chimpanzé. Вероятный источник — язык чилуба (группа банту), слово «кивили-чимпензе», что в переводе означает «похожий на человека». Впервые это название было употреблено европейцами в 1738. Родство с человекомШимпанзе считаются самыми близкими родственниками человека. Исходя из новейших исследований, их генетическая база совпадает с человеческой на 98,7 %. Это позволяет предполагать, что эволюционные пути человека и шимпанзе разошлись всего шесть миллионов лет назад. Тем не менее, несмотря на схожесть генов, у человека и шимпанзе они проявляют разную активность в разных органах тела. Шимпанзе настолько генетически близки к человеку, что одно время даже предлагалось относить шимпанзе к роду Homo[1]. ПоведениеШимпанзе являются всеядными животными. Их основное питание состоит из фруктов, листьев, насекомых и небольших позвоночных. Иногда шимпанзе охотятся на другие виды обезьян, которых они разрывают на куски и поедают. У шимпанзе очень развито социальное поведение, внутри группы существует строгая иерархия. У шимпанзе нередко проявляется высокая агрессивность, особенно по отношению к самкам. Беременность самок длится от семи до восьми месяцев. Живут в больших лесах, близ берегов моря и рек. Когда их преследуют, они бросаются на деревья, издавая звуки, похожие на лай. Данный вид обезьян способен копировать действия других обезьян, находящихся на более высокой ступени иерархии в группе обезьян. Недавно исследователи выявили ещё одну интересную особенность поведения шимпанзе — учёные показали, что эти приматы способны скорбеть по умершим родственникам, а также не родственным им членам популяции[2]. Строение телаШимпанзе могут достигать роста до 1,70 метра. Объём мозга шимпанзе составляет примерно половину объёма мозга человека. При более чем скромном весе (30—50 кг), шимпанзе являются чрезвычайно сильными животными. Несмотря на отсутствие точных измерений, практика показывает, что обычный самец шимпанзе во много раз сильнее среднего мужчины. По словам профессора и специалиста по теории эволюции Алана Уокера из Пенсильванского университета: максимальная масса, поднятая самкой шимпанзе двумя лапами составляет чуть больше 570 кг; а самец шимпанзе может поднять одной лапой более 380 кг. Если учесть вес шимпанзе, то получается, что этот примат сильнее человека в четыре-пять раз, отмечают учёные.[3] Известны случаи нападения на людей с летальными исходами, особенно на детей. При ходьбе опирается не на ладонь, как другие четвероногие, а на верхнюю поверхность пальцев. За исключением лица и внутренней части рук и ног, всё тело животного покрыто длинными грубыми тёмными волосами. Интересные факты
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The Channel-billed Toucan (Ramphastos vitellinus) which breeds in Trinidad and in tropical South America east of the Andes and as far south as southern Brazil. 
Blue & Gold Macaws aka Blue & Yellow Macaws Its natural range stretches from Eastern Panama through Columbia, except the Cauca Valley, and West Narino to eastern and western Ecuador and northern Peru. Through Venezuela and Brazil to Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. They inhabit lowlands up to 500m, and are found in forest, savanna, swamp, and riverine woodland habitats.
This species formerly occurred on the island of Trinidad, but became extinct due to human activities (over-hunting, capturing for the pet trade, habitat destruction, etc.). They are also believed to be extinct in Paraguay, North Argentina and West Ecuador, probably for the same reasons. Activities to reintroduce this species in its natural habitat are currently ongoing ( Article).
Description:Blue & Gold Macaws - like most other Macaw species - are large and magnificent in every respect. Theycan reach 76-84 cm long and weigh between 800 and 1300 g and are vivid in appearance with blue wings and tail, golden (some might say, "butterscotch") underparts and a green cap on the head. Their beaks are jet black and very strong for crushing nuts.
A Bolivian sub-species is said to be also available in the United States. The Bolivian Blue & Gold is described to be much larger than the regular Blue & Gold. In fact, it is often as large or even larger than the Hyacinth Macaw. The blue feathers of the Bolivian Blue & Gold are said to be more of a true blue, while those feathers of a common Blue & Gold are more green-blue in coloration. Notwithstanding the physical differences, they are said to share the same personality traits. We were unable to confirm that this is a true sub-species. In fact, authorities list the Blue & Gold as a monotypic species (one single species - no sub-species). Unless there is evidence to the contrary, this larger bird was most likely the result of selective breeding (for size and color) or potentially, there was a Blue-throated Macaw in the mix (ancestry).
- Exciting Mutations of the Blue & Gold Macaw have occurred. Please check out this website for photos.
Blue & Gold Macaws as Pets: 
I received an inspiring e-mail from a Blue & Gold Macaw owner who expresses very clearly what it takes to provide a macaw with a healthy and stimulating environment. She describes what it is like living with her "Blu" - who developed into a wonderful pet due to all the attention and wonderful care he receives at his home. "I've had Blu for two years. I bought him from Pet Smart on his first birthday,May 5th 2004. Actually my 14 year old son begged me to buy him and Blu became my companion.
I knew nothingabout parrots, so I read everything I could about them. To my surprise, he was more than I anticipated in upkeep; however, I took on the responsibility and it paid off.
From day one, Blu spent every day out of his cage, in a play area in my bedroom, taking showers with me daily, and going on car rides at least 3 to 5 days a week. He has become such a delight, but I wouldn't recommend a parrot of this type to anyone who is not capable or willing to include him as an active member of the family. I include Blu in all activities I participate in daily. "EVERY DAY", and keep him supplied with plenty of wooden chewables, pecans, walnuts, and other whole nuts in a shell at all times.
He eats what my other family members eat, and fresh berries and fruit are part of his staple diet. As a result, his colors are shining and magnificent, and he often reminds me he thinks so too. "I'm such a pretty bird" he says with a smile in his eyes, "I'm good". And he is. He can be loud, but I control it to some extent by distracting him with "quiet conversation" and "soft voice levels". He loves to cuddle, says he loves me after a drenching shower, asks for nuts "cracker" he says, any time he see's anyone eating something "delicious" looking.
It amazes me how he uses the proper words for situations. For instance, he says "I'm a pretty bird: not "you are a pretty bird" like I tell him. He laughs when I trip or drop something, he smiles most of the day, and asks to go "bye bye" when he sees me getting ready to go somewhere. He tells me when he wants to go to sleep and back to his cage for the night, "night night"? he asks at the end of each day.
There is no doubt he is extremely intelligent because he speaks cognitively a large part of the time. He is a pain the in butt at times, but so are my other family members. Love him and he loves twice as hard. I never ignored him, or left him alone for more than an hour or two, so I'm not sure about how he would be if I didn't. He goes on vacation with us, every time. (We like the "Weston" hotels, they always welcome us with no problem. I leave the rooms clean so it will stay that way. He's cooky, loud, funny and loving. He's my little "chicken" and it cracks me up when he acknowledges it too. "I'm a chicken" he boasts. "I love"! So do I." (AvianWeb Note: Blu's "mom" has sent me some photos - one of which is featured to the bottom right. But she sent me others that I think you may also enjoy. Please visit this website for additional photos of Blu).
NOTE: Blue & Gold Macaws, like all macaws, will chew on your furniture, electric wiring, jewelry - any item they can get hold of. This is natural behavior. 
They require a varied diet, a seed only diet will lead to health problems such as vitamin deficiency. An example of a good diet would be a quality pelleted mix, in conjuncture with a mix featuring seed, nuts, and dried fruits, with fresh vegetables and fruits fed regularly; furthermore, it is quite common (and appreciated by the parrot) to partake with their human owners of safe foods like pasta, bread, etc. It is important to avoid foods with high fat content (generally) while striving to provide a wide variety of foods.
There are some foods which are toxic to birds and parrots as a group. Cherry pits, avocados, chocolate, and caffeine are some foods that should not be fed. Chocolate and caffeine are not metabolized by birds the same way they are in humans.
They average 15.2 ins (38 cm) in length, from beak to tail tip. Their wing length averages from 8.5 to 9.5 ins (221 - 248 mm).
The general plumage green, but the sides of head and crown are blue. As with other members of Genus Amazona, individuals within a species can vary greatly.
David Woodbury, from the UK (1999), described the Blue-crowned Amazon as follows: "[W]e have had three superb male guatemalae, all of which had brilliant blue crowns (a colour similar to that in aestiva); one had a black upper beak and ivory-colored lower beak, the other two have black beaks. One had virtually no nape (lower back of the neck) patch and none of the typical "mealy" effect on the back, yet another looked like he had been sprinkled with flour. We have found that the body color of guatemalae tends to be a more vivid green than virenticeps, which can be a yellow-green.
Vocally both guatemalae and virenticeps are distinct from other Mealys although any Amazon in a mixed collection may mimic other sounds. "
The Mealy Amazon as Pets or in Aviculture: Mealy Amazons have a very docile temperament and usually get along well with other birds. They are considered the gentle giants of the Amazon parrots. The noise level and talking abilities vary greatly amongst this species. There are some quiet birds amongst them -- but others can get REALLY noisy; indeed, their voices can carry over a mile. Mealies enjoy repeating a phrase over and over and each time using a different inflection.
Their diet should consist of a quality seed mix of safflower, wheat, oats, hemp seeds*, dried rowan-berries, buckwheat and mungo beans; sprouted sunflower seed; some pinenuts; various fruit and vegetables (particularly half-ripened maize); rose-hips; greenfood; regular mineral supplements. (*Hemp Seeds are often referred to as "super-seeds" as they offer a complete amino acid profile, have an ideal balance of omega 3 and 6 fatty acids, and provide an impressive amount of trace minerals - they also have the highest concentration of protein in the plant kingdom.)
They require roomy cages, as they are very active, and they should be provided plenty of out-of-cage time in addition to mental stimulation. The Foraging page will be helpful in providing an adequate set up for your amazon.
Amazon ownership generally presents multiple challenges, such as excessive chewing - especially at certain stages in their life. They do discover their beaks as method of "disciplining us" once they are out of the "baby stage" and they can generally be somewhat naughty, and it really is important to learn to understand them and to guide their behavior before an undesirable behavior has been established. Aggressive behavior is especially common in "hormonal" amazons. Undisciplined amazons will chew on electric wiring potentially causing house fires. They regard anything in your home as a "toy" that can be explored and chewed on; destroying items that you may hold dear or are simply valuable.
Even a young bird that has not been neglected and abused requires proper guidance; this becomes even more challenging when it involves a rescued bird that may require rehabilitation.
Training is vital to stop this aggressive behavior.
- Understand that this is a natural behavior.
- Have the family member the bird has picked limit their interaction with your bird, spend time with the bird when that family member is absent, and ensure that only you are the one to provide all favorite treats and activities.
- The environment can also be altered somewhat to attempt to reduce breeding behavior. Limiting the daylight hours to mimic a winter sun will often help.
- In some instances, the vet may prescribe drugs that balance out a pet's hormones.
- Click here for more information on reducing hormonal behavior in birds.
The White-naped Crane is a bird of the crane family. 
Eurasian Cranes aka Common Cranes
Diet: